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E-Tourism

Q and A

What is e-tourism?

Ans: E-Tourism (Electronic Tourism) refers to the use of digital technologies and online platforms to enhance and streamline travel-related activities. It encompasses all aspects of the tourism industry that are facilitated by the internet. Major components playing role in enhancement of e-tourism are as follows:

Key Components of E-Tourism:

  1. Online Travel Booking – Platforms like Expedia, Booking.com, and Airbnb allow users to book flights, hotels, and tours online.
  2. Travel Information and Research – Websites (TripAdvisor, Lonely Planet), blogs, and social media help travelers plan trips.
  3. Virtual Tours and Augmented Reality (AR) – Google Street View, VR hotel tours, and AR-guided museum experiences.
  4. Mobile Tourism (M-Tourism) – Apps for navigation (Google Maps), translation (Google Translate), and last-minute bookings.
  5. Digital Marketing for Tourism – Social media campaigns, influencer collaborations, and targeted ads to attract tourists.
  6. Smart Tourism Destinations – IoT (Internet of Things) in smart cities, AI-powered chatbots for customer service, and digital payment systems.
  7. User Reviews and Ratings – Platforms like Yelp and TripAdvisor influence travel decisions through peer feedback.

How B2B e-commerce can be of value for hotel businesses?

Hotels need a constant supply of items like linens, toiletries, food, beverages, cleaning supplies, and more. With B2B e-commerce platforms, they can:

  1. Compare prices easily
  2. Order in bulk
  3. Automate repeat purchases
  4. Get faster delivery from verified suppliers
  5. Bulk discounts
  6. Lower operational costs (less manual work)
  7. Set up alerts for low inventory
  8. Avoid over-ordering or understocking
  9. Hotels can review spending, supplier performance, and purchase trends

What are the benefits of E-tourism?

Answer: Benefits of E-Tourism:

  1. Convenience – 24/7 access to travel services.
  2. Cost-Effective – Competitive pricing and discounts.
  3. Personalization – AI-driven recommendations.
  4. Sustainability – Digital ticketing reduces paper waste.

What are the challenges associate with E-tourism?

Challenges:

  1. Digital Divide – Not all travelers have equal internet access.
  2. Cybersecurity Risks – Fraud, data breaches, and fake bookings.
  3. Over-reliance on Technology – Loss of human touch in hospitality.

How digital marketing can be used in e-tourism?

Answer: Digital marketing plays a vital role in e-tourism by helping travel businesses attract, engage, and convert potential customers online. Different digital marketing strategies can be applied in the e-tourism industry:

Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

Optimize travel websites for keywords like "best hotels in Bali" or "cheap flights to Europe." Local SEO for hotels, tour operators, and restaurants (Google My Business listings). Content marketing (blogs, guides, itineraries) to rank higher on search engines.

Social Media Marketing (SMM)

  1. Instagram and TikTok – Stunning visuals, reels, and influencer collaborations to inspire travel.
  2. Facebook and Twitter – Promotions, customer engagement, and travel deals.
  3. Pinterest – Travel inspiration boards and direct booking links.
  4. UserGenerated Content (UGC) – Encouraging travelers to share experiences with branded hashtags.

PayPerClick (PPC) Advertising

  1. Google Ads for competitive keywords (e.g., "book Maldives resort").
  2. Meta Ads (Facebook/Instagram) – Targeted ads based on user interests (luxury travel, backpacking).
  3. Retargeting Ads – Showing ads to users who visited a travel site but didn’t book.

Email Marketing

  1. Personalized offers (discounts for abandoned cart users).
  2. Newsletters with travel tips, seasonal deals, and destination highlights. Loyalty programs – Rewarding repeat customers with exclusive deals.

Influencer and Affiliate Marketing

  1. Partnering with travel influencers for authentic promotions.
  2. Affiliate programs where bloggers earn commissions for bookings via their links.

Video Marketing and Virtual Tours

  1. YouTube travel vlogs showcasing destinations.
  2. 360° virtual tours of hotels and attractions.
  3. Live streaming on Instagram/Facebook for realtime engagement.

Chatbots and AIPowered Customer Service

  1. AI chatbots (on websites/WhatsApp) for instant booking assistance.
  2. Personalized recommendations based on user behavior.

Content Marketing and Storytelling

  1. Travel blogs with SEOoptimized destination guides.
  2. Interactive maps and itineraries.
  3. Customer testimonials and reviews to build trust.

Mobile Marketing

  1. Travel apps with push notifications for flash sales.
  2. SMS marketing for lastminute deals.
  3. WhatsApp Business for direct customer support.

Metaverse and AR/VR Experiences

  1. Virtual reality previews of hotels/resorts.
  2. Metaverse travel experiences (e.g., virtual tours of historical sites).

What are the benefits of digital marketing in e-Tourism

Benefits of Digital Marketing in e-Tourism:
  1. Wider reach – Targets global audiences.
  2. Cost effective – Better ROI than traditional ads.
  3. Data driven decisions – Analytics help refine campaigns.
  4. Enhanced customer experience – Personalized offers and instant support.
  5. What is AIDA (Awareness Interest Desire Act) strategy?

    The AIDA model is a classic marketing framework used to guide customers through the purchase journey, from initial awareness to final action. It stands for:

    Awareness (A) – Grab Attention

    Make potential customers aware of your product/service. These tools can be used to create awareness: Social media ads, SEO optimized blog posts, Influencer collaborations showcasing destinations.

    Interest (I) – Spark Curiosity

    Engage users and keep them interested. Tools that can be used are: Engaging travel videos or virtual tours. Email newsletters with travel tips. Interactive quizzes

    Desire (D) – Create Urge to Buy

    Make customers emotionally connect and want the product. These strategies can be used: Limited time discounts ("Book now, 30% off!"), Customer testimonials and reviews. Luxury travel imagery.

    Action (A) – Drive Conversion

    Push the customer to take the final step (booking, signup). Strategies that can be used are: Clear CTA buttons ("Book Now", "Get Your Free Guide"), Easy booking process (1 click checkout), Abandoned cart emails ("Your dream trip is waiting!").

    How AIDA Works in e-Tourism Marketing?

    This questions can be answer with example like: e.g., Promoting a Pokhara Vacation Package

    1. Awareness: Facebook ad with a stunning Phew lake image.
    2. Interest: Blog post: "Why Pokhara is the Perfect Destination."
    3. Desire: Video testimonials from happy couples and limited time offer.
    4. Action: "Book Now" button leading to a seamless checkout.

    More Advanced AIDA Strategies can be implements for e-Tourism like:

    1. Retargeting Ads (Google/Facebook) to remind users who showed interest.
    2. Scarcity and Urgency ("Only 3 rooms left at this price!").
    3. Personalization (Email: "Sheetal, your dream Pokhara trip is 20% off!").

    What is Central Reservation System?

    A Central Reservation System (CRS) is a computerized platform used by hotels, airlines, car rental companies, and travel agencies to manage and distribute inventory, rates, and bookings in real time across multiple sales channels. It acts as the "brain" of a hospitality business, connecting property management systems (PMS), global distribution systems (GDS), and online travel agencies (OTAs).

    What are the key functions of CRS?

    Key Functions of a CRS

    Real Time Inventory Management Tracks room availability, flights, or tours across all booking channels (website, OTAs, travel agents). Prevents overbooking and ensures accurate availability.

    Rate and Distribution Control: Updates pricing dynamically (seasonal rates, promotions, lastminute deals). Syncs rates across Booking.com, Expedia, Airbnb, etc.

    Channel Management Automatically distributes inventory to OTAs, GDS (Amadeus, Sabre), metasearch engines (Google Hotels), and direct bookings.

    Reservation Processing Handles bookings, cancellations, and modifications from all sources in one dashboard.

    Reporting and Analytics Generates data on occupancy rates, revenue, and booking trends.

    How a CRS Works in e-Tourism?

    Let’s elaborate working of CRS in e-tourism with an example:

    1. A customer books a hotel room on Expedia.
    2. Expedia sends the booking data to the hotel’s CRS.
    3. The CRS instantly updates inventory across all connected platforms (Booking.com, hotel website, etc.).
    4. The hotel’s PMS receives the booking details for checkin management.

    Write benefits of a CRS.

    Benefits of CRS are as follows:

    1. Efficiency – Automates bookings, reducing manual errors.
    2. Wider Distribution – Expands reach to global markets via OTAs/GDS.
    3. Dynamic Pricing – Adjusts rates based on demand (like airline tickets).
    4. Direct Bookings – Integrates with the hotel’s website to reduce OTA commissions.

    How information technology helps hotel management?

    Information Technology (IT) plays a transformational role in modern hotel management, streamlining operations, enhancing guest experiences, and boosting revenue. IT empowers the hospitality industry with the help of different kinds of system like:

    Property Management Systems (PMS): PMS Centralizes front desk operations (check in/out, room assignments, billing). It automates manual tasks like housekeeping alerts. It also helps to integrate with CRS (Central Reservation Systems) for real time bookings.

    Online Booking and Channel Management: This kind of software integrate website of hotels, restaurants to integrate with booking engines. Synchronizing with Online Travel Agencies (OTA). It also helps to distribute rooms across Expedia, Booking.com, etc., avoiding overbookings. It helps dynamic pricing that is adjusting rates based on demand.

    Guest Experience Tech: There are software which helps guests to bypass the front desk, to get in room using Smart TVs, IoT thermostats, voice assistants (Amazon Alexa), 24/7 guest queries via WhatsApp or hotel apps.

    Customer Relationship Management (CRM): CRM helps to Personalize services for the guests. It does it by tracking guest preferences (e.g., pillow type, past stays). CRM also supports loyalty programs. It can send automated emails requesting reviews.

    Housekeeping and Maintenance: Software to assign and track housekeeping duties can be used by hotels. Different IoT Sensors are available to monitor minibar usage or AC efficiency. AI systems can detect equipment issues before failures occur.

    Data Analytics and Reporting: Data about guest can be analyzed to know guest occupancy, RevPAR, and guest demographics. Reviews from guests can be collected from sites like TripAdvisor/Google (e.g., ReviewPro) and those reviews can be analyzed to customize services.

    Security and Compliance: Several security software and protocols are available which can be used to protect guest data, to encrypt data. Surveillance Systems can be implements to detect suspicious activities.

    Sustainability and Cost Control: Technology can be used to save and manage energy like electricity, to do paperless operations and generate digital invoices and esignatures.

    Emerging Tech Trends: Several emerging technologies lik e Metaverse/Virtual Tours can be used to preview rooms by guests’ rooms via VR. Blockchain technology can be used to secure, transparent loyalty point exchanges. Automated room service can be achieved with the help of robotics.

    What are online analytics?

    Online analytics is the process of collecting, measuring, analyzing, and interpreting data from digital platforms—primarily websites, mobile apps, and social media—to understand and improve online user behavior, performance, and decision-making. In simple terms It's about tracking how people use your online platforms and using that data to make smart business or content decisions.

    It is useful to:

    • Understand audience behavior
    • Optimize marketing strategies
    • Improve website or app performance
    • Increase conversions/sales
    • Track KPIs (Key Performance Indicators)

    What are the challenges of using information technology in hotel business?

    Challenges are as follows:

    1. High implementation costs.
    2. Staff training requirements.
    3. Data privacy risks (GDPR compliance).

    What are the objects about which restaurant must store data to smooth running of the business?

    For a restaurant to operate smoothly, it must systematically store and manage data across multiple key areas. Here’s a breakdown of the essential objects/data categories a restaurant should track:

    Menu and Inventory Management:

    • Menu Items (Dish names, descriptions, ingredients, allergens, pricing (base/customized), and categories (appetizers, mains, etc.))
    • Recipe Cards: Portion sizes, cooking instructions, and prep time.
    • Inventory:

    • Stock levels (ingredients, beverages, disposables).
    • Supplier details (contact, lead time, pricing).
    • Expiry dates (for perishables like dairy, meat).

    Customer Data

    • Guest Profiles: Contact info, order history, preferences (e.g., "allergic to nuts"), birthday/club memberships.
    • Feedback and Reviews: Online (Google, Yelp) and in house survey responses.

    Sales and Transactions

    • Orders: Dine in/takeaway/delivery tickets, table numbers, timestamps.
    • Payment Records: Split bills, discounts (coupons/loyalty redemptions), payment methods (card/cash/digital wallets).
    • Voided/Refunded Orders: Reasons (e.g., wrong order, customer complaint).

    Staff Management:

    • Employee Details: Roles (chef, server), shifts, wages, performance reviews.
    • Attendance and Payroll: Clock in/out times, overtime, tips distribution.

    Reservations and Table Management

    • Bookings: Customer name, party size, table allocation, special requests (e.g., high chair).
    • Floor Plan: Table statuses (occupied/clean/dirty), turnover time.

    Supplier and Procurement

    • Purchase Orders: Item quantities, costs, delivery dates.
    • Supplier Contracts: Payment terms, quality agreements.

    Marketing and Promotions

    • Campaigns: Discounts (happy hours, seasonal offers), email/SMS open rates.
    • Loyalty Programs: Points earned/redeemed, VIP tiers.

    Equipment and Maintenance

    • Kitchen Tools: Warranty dates, repair logs (e.g., oven servicing).
    • POS Systems: Software updates, downtime incidents.

    Compliance and Safety

    • Health Inspections: Violation reports, corrective actions.
    • Employee Certifications: Food handling licenses, safety training expiry dates.

    How transaction processing system can help hotels in operating their tasks?

    A Transaction Processing System (TPS) can be a huge asset for hotel operations. It helps manage and streamline day-to-day transactions and ensures smooth, efficient functioning of key hotel tasks. A TPS is a computerized system that records, processes, and stores daily business transactions quickly and accurately. In hotels, this includes bookings, check-ins, payments, and more.

    TPS helps in :

    • Reservation management
    • Guest check-in and check-out
    • Billing and payment processing
    • Inventory management
    • Staff scheduling and management
    • Reporting and record keeping
    • Customer Relationship management

    What is the importance of creating customer persona for hotel businesses?

    Creating customer personas is super important for hotel businesses—it helps them truly understand their target guests and deliver better services, experiences, and marketing. A customer persona (also called a buyer persona) is a semi-fictional profile that represents your ideal guest based on real data, behavior, and demographics. It is important for hotel management:

    • More effective marketing
    • Personalized guest experience
    • Better Product and service design
    • Increased bookings and revenue
    • Improved communication
    • Informed business decisions
    • Stronger loyalty programs